Proteinuria is a common and clinically relevant finding when performing a urinalysis, but is not always followed up in a consistent manner by the clinician; Stacie Summers explains the significance of proteinuria in cats and how best to approach the problem.

Renal and ureteral surgery in small animals can be challenging, even for the most experienced surgeon; Lilly Aronson gives an overview of the best options currently available for treating upper urinary tract obstructions.

Kidney disease is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in older cats; Hannah Sargent and Jonathan Elliott review the best methods for early detection of the disease.

Most practices nowadays will have access to an ultrasound machine, using it for selected imaging of clinical cases; in this paper Greg Lisciandro discusses how a structured approach to abdominal scanning can be part of the clinician’s first-line physical exam, and demonstrates how this can help rapid identification of renal abnormalities and related problems.

Feeding protein-restricted diets to cats with kidney disease has been a mainstay of the therapeutic approach to such cases for many decades, but controversies still remain; Meredith Wall and Nick Cave review the current state of knowledge and offer some advice for the clinician.

Proteinuria secondary to primary hypertriglyceridemia is a common yet under-recognized metabolic disorder of Miniature Schnauzers; Eva Furrow describes the diagnostic process and treatment options.

This condition is most commonly seen in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels and can have a severe impact on the quality of an affected dog’s life. Sandra Sanchis Mora and Ludovic Pelligand offer an overview of the condition, the underlying pathophysiology, and the options currently available to manage the disease.

Avascular necrosis of the femoral head – more commonly known as Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease – is a commonly occurring problem in small dog breeds. Professor Millis presents an overview of the disease and the preferred options available for treating the condition.